Imec processing metal halide perovskites

That is finest illustrated by the fast enchancment in PCE, a efficiency measure, of perovskite photo voltaic cells from <4 % to >20 % in a matter of years.

Nonetheless, commercialization of such functions requires industry-compatible processing methods, which overcome present stability points, amongst others.

The biggest PCE losses and instability of perovskite photo voltaic cells (PSCs) are extensively reported on the interfaces between the perovskite absorber and cost transport layers.

These transport layers are essential for facilitating the environment friendly extraction and transport of cost carriers. Optimization of those interfaces can consequently reduce losses and enhance power extraction, leading to elevated gadget effectivity and operational stability.

A analysis collaboration between imec and UHasselt at Energyville, Belgium, targeted on enhancing the 2 perovskite interfaces: the ‘higher’ interface (between the perovskite and the fullerene-C60 electron transport layer) and the ‘decrease’ interface (between the perovskite and the NiOx-based gap transport layer).

To reinforce effectivity, each interfaces have been handled with an ammonium salt, particularly 2-thiopheneethylammonium chloride (TEACl). The outcomes have been in comparison with PSCs with untreated layers.

Mentioned remedy is anticipated to extend efficiency by making a 2D perovskite layer on the interface.

>Determine 1 – Schematic diagram of the gadget structure. Arrows point out TEACI-treated layers.

The ensuing higher and dual-interface-treated perovskite photo voltaic cells exhibited suppressed nonradiative recombination, improved interfacial contact, and optimized band alignment in comparison with each controls.

Particularly, a champion PCE of 24.3 % was achieved for the dual-interface-treated photo voltaic cells, together with a short-circuit density of 24.5 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 1.17 V, and a fill issue of 84.6 %.

“In addition to the rise in effectivity, we additionally noticed a exceptional stability,” says Tom Aernouts, R&D supervisor of the Skinny-Movie Photovoltaics workforce. Certainly, after 1,000 hours of steady operation beneath one-sun illumination, the gadgets confirmed a 97 % retention of efficiency, which is among the many present bests. Furthermore, after 1,850 hours of growing older, dual-layer-treated cells retained 88 % of their preliminary efficiency, in comparison with 55% in non-treated cells. Mixed, these outcomes show extraordinary operational and thermal stability of the handled PSCs.

Subsequent to cell-level optimisations, researchers additionally examined additional upscaling to a mini-module with an lively space of three.63 cm²<.

“Our analysis group goals not solely to develop extra environment friendly but additionally scalable PSCs, paving the best way for commercialization. Subsequently, on the PV cell manufacturing stage, supplies and processes are chosen and evaluated based mostly on these future views.”

A excessive PCE of twenty-two.6 % and a fill issue of 82.4 % have been maintained within the mini-module with interface remedy, indicating glorious reproducibility.

Determine 2 – {Photograph} of the mini-module on the glass substrate facet. 

The modification technique, which resulted in extremely environment friendly, steady, and scalable perovskite cells, gives alternatives for a variety of compositions and different gadget architectures, akin to tandem cells. “Since twin interface modulations have proven effectiveness in numerous perovskite compositions, these findings additional contribute to the event of scalable and commercially viable perovskite photo voltaic cell expertise,” conclude the researchers

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